Overlapping of Forms

Overlapping of forms provides instant information to the viewer that one object is closer to the viewer than another.

In the image below, which object is closest to the viewer? How do you know?

Diminution of Size

As objects get farther away from the viewer, they get smaller and smaller and the space between them gets smaller and smaller.

Convergence of Parallel Lines

Lines which are parallel to each other but perpendicular to the horizon line, will converge at one point, called the vanishing point.

Lines which are parallel to each other but parallel to the horizon line will remain parallel.

Foreshortening

Lines perpendicular to the horizon line appear to diminish in length as they are rotated away from the viewer.