Nancy Powell's Web Pages
for Students, Parents, and Teachers!

Geometer’s Sketchpad

TRIANGLE CENTERS

Long before the first pencil and paper, some curious person drew a triangle in the sand and a line from each vertex to the midpoint of the opposite side . Amazingly enough the three connecting lines (the medians) met in a single point - a point of concurrency. If you try it right now, the same thing will happen, no matter what shape of triangle you start with. The special point is called the centroid of the triangle. Think of it as the first triangle center,  historically and conceptually.

Aside from the centroid, the ancient Greeks also were fascinated by three other triangle centers: the triangle's incenter, circumcenter, and orthocenter.  Centuries passed before a fifth triangle center surfaced: the Fermat point.  During the nineteenth century, more triangle centers entered the literature, and then the people didn't talk much about them for a period of time.  New triangle centers are once again popping out, often with the help of computers. In the 1980s, it seemed that all these special points shared some general properties that should form the basis for a formal definition of triangle center Maybe someday you'll discover your very own center and get it named after you!!!


And here are some classical triangle centers:
REQUIRED
Centroid
other sites
Centroid Site
Math Open Ref - centroids
 
REQUIRED
Orthocenter
Other Sites
Orthocenter Site

Math Open Ref - orthocenters
Fermat Point
Another
Fermat Site
Gergonne point
Another
Gergonne Site
Bevan Point
Excenter
REQUIRED
Incenter
(construct the incircle too!)
Another
Incenter Site

Math Open Ref - incenters
REQUIRED
Circumcenter(construct the circumcircle too!)
Another
Circumcenter Site

Math Open Ref - circumcenters
Mittenpunkt
Another
Mittenpunkt Site

Feuerbach
point

Spieker center
Vecten Point
  Isodynamic points Nagel point
Another
Nagel Site
Napoleon points
Another
Napoleon Site
Nine-point center
Another
Nine-point Site
  Steiner point
Another
Steiner Site
First Ajima-
Malfatti Point
Second Ajima-
Malfatti Point
Symmedian point
Another
Symmedian Site
You may also want to check out this site for more information on these triangle centers!

REQUIRED: 
you must do the Centroid, Orthocenter, Circumcenter, and Incenter - 25 points each.
Extra Credit:  You may do as many as 4 additional constructions for extra credit
  • only 3 extra credit constructions can be classical centers
  • the other must be a 20th century center. 

Carefully choose centers that you can figure out how to construct.  Each completed extra credit construction (as described below) is worth 5 points.  Only two constructions can be placed in any one grade category!

What to do:

1.    Pick a triangle center from the ones above.

2.    Open a Word document, (use the one at this link) and put your name and hour  in the area provided at the top, create a folder called "triangle centers", and SAVE your document now in your triangle centers folder on your network drive.

3.    In the Word document, describe the triangle center that you will create- 

  • how to construct it, 

  • at least 3 special properties or interesting facts that the center has - such as locations of the centers if they are different for acute, right and obtuse triangles or any interesting things about that center. (i.e. for the centroid, it is an interesting to note that it is the center of gravity for any triangle!)  You may NOT use the definition as a special property.  You may have to go out to the internet for more information to write about to get full credit in this area.

4.    Using Geometer's Sketchpad,

    a.    Construct an acute triangle and measure the angles of the triangle so that they show on your picture.

    b.    Then construct the center that you have chosen.  Make sure to label it with its name.  (If you create a centroid, label the point CENTROID on your sketchpad drawing. )  

    c.    When you have been successful, adjust your window on sketchpad to only view the triangle, its angle measures, the lines that helped you find your center and MAKE SURE TO INCLUDE THE CENTER, go to edit, choose select all, and then copy.  Go back to your Word document and paste the triangle center construction into your Word document

    d.  Pull and tug on the vertices of the triangle to make right and obtuse triangles.  See what effect the different triangles have on the location of the special center that you are investigating.  You will use this information when writing the interesting things about your centers. 

    e.  Drag your triangle to make it a right triangle and repeat the procedure of copying and pasting it into your document as in part c.

    e.  Drag your triangle to make it an obtuse triangle and repeat the procedure of copying and pasting it into your document as you did in parts c and d.

    f.  If your constructions are too large, make them smaller so that each center paper takes up no more than two pages when printed.

5.  At the bottom of the document identify  :

  • whether this center is for extra credit or not
  • for any extra credit constructions, indicate the grade category - homework, quizzes, tests, or labs - that you'd like those points put into, and finally, 

6.   Save your completed document again in your own directory and make sure that you name it with the center's name - don't leave any spaces in the name - use a _ (underline) for a space! Save your sketchpad file with the name of the center as well in the Triangle Centers Folder on your network drive.

7.    Hand in a print-out for each center that you construct. 

 
BHSReturn to
BHS Math
HomePage

This Page was Updated:
02/14/2010 02:45 PM

 

Additions, Corrections,
Suggestions?
Send me your thoughts!

Nancy Powell
BHS Lead Teacher - Math

© Copyright, 2009 Nancy Powell
BHS Mathematics Department